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MRCP UK Part 1 syllabus

It includes all the subject taught during medical graduation. Most of the questions are directly related to clinical practice. You can get updated information from original MRCP UK website. https://www.mrcpuk.org/mrcpuk-examinations/part-1/format Specialty Number of questions* Cardiology 14 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 15 Clinical sciences** 25 Dermatology 8 Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic medicine 14 Gastroenterology and Hepatology 14 Geriatric medicine 8 Haematology 10 Infectious diseases 14 Neurology 14 Oncology 5 Medical ophthalmology 4 Palliative medicine and end of life care 4 Psychiatry 9 Renal medicine 14 Respiratory medicine 14 Rheumatology 14   200 * This should be taken as an indication of the likely number of questions – the actual number may vary slightly. ** Clinical sciences comprise: Cell, molecular and membrane biology 2 Clinical anatomy 3 Clinical biochemistry and metabolism 4 Clinical physiology 4 Genetics 3 Immunology 4 Statistics, epidemiology a...

Is IELTS or OET needed for MRCP UK exam?

Is IELTS or OET score needed for MRCP UK exam? A commonly asked question . Answer is no, NO, no. MRCP is an exam. It's questions are only in English language. If you can understand commonly used terms and medical terms that's enough. They will never ask for IELTS score. But be sure you can understand their questions. If you want to get GMC registration for practicing in the UK, then only you have to send IELTS score. That's different from MRCP exam. 

MRCP uk part 1 procedure

 MRCP UK part 1 who are eligible for the examination ? --who have passed their final examination 1 year back that means you must have a 1 year gap from your final examination. this is called your primary medical qualification(PMQ). I passed final examination that held in January 2018 so show my date of issue is 2018 January 1( in registration section you will find this option) What are the documents need to submit for mrcp part 1? • PMQ certificate ( to form fill up) • NID or passport (on the exam day only) then how should I proceed from the very beginning for applying ? first search in Google "MRCP UK" open the Page. then find for MY MRCP UK,click on it, here as you are new you have to register. then you will find a register option at the top left, you click register here, you will see some boxes ,fill up it , click next after one page is completed. Here confusing thing is the "date of issue". It is your PMQ date,that is your final exam date. I have given photograp...

Post LP headache in Bengali

 #Post_lumbar_puncture_headache ‌‌➡ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়েāχ āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰি। āφāĻ—ে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϤো Post LP headache āϤে āĻĢ্āϞুāχāĻĄ āĻĻিāϞে CSF production āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāĻŦে āφāϰ headache āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে।āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻāχ āϧাāϰāĻŖাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āύেāχ। āϤāĻĨ্āϝāϏূāϤ্āϰ āύিāϚে।। ➡ #Definition of post LP headache: bilateral headache āϝেāϟা LP āĻ•āϰাāϰ 7 āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻļুāϰু āĻ“ 14 āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻļেāώ āĻšāĻŦে,15 āĻŽিāύিāϟ upright position maintain āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻŦেāĻĄ়ে āϝাāĻŦে āφāϰ 30 āĻŽিāύিāϟ āĻļুāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϤীāĻŦ্āϰāϤা āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে।  ➡#Criteria of pain dull or throbbing in nature, starts in occipital or frontal region then become generalized, āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĨাāϟা āϘাāĻĄ়ে āĻ•াāϧে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে, āĻŽাāĻĨা āύা⧜াāϚা⧜া āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻŦাāĻĄ়ে, āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻ•াāϜ āχāύ্āϟ্āϰাāĻ•্āϰেāύিāϝ়াāϞ āĻĒ্āϰেāϏাāϰ āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāϝ় āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻ•াāĻļি, āĻšাঁāϚি,āϚোāĻ–ে āϚাāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻāϤে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĨা āĻŦাāĻĄ়ে। āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦāĻŽি āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻŽাāĻĨা āϘুāϰাāϝ়, āĻিāύāĻিāύ āĻ•āϰে,āϚোāĻ–ে āĻাāĻĒāϏা āĻĻেāĻ–া,āĻ•োāĻŽāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĨা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰে। ➡#Diagnosis: clinical  ➡#Pathophysiology: unknown, āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় csf āĻ•āĻŽে āϝাāĻ“āϝ়া, epidural pain receptor stretching āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ। ➡āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĨাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ: āϏুāχ (āύিāĻĄāϞ) āϏাāχāϜ āĻ›োāϟ,bevel āĻ…ংāĻļ dura āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤāϰাāϞ,atraumatic ...

Infusion or transfusion rate calculation in Bengali

 āχāύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻŦা āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻāϰ āϰেāϟ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ। -------------------------------------------------- āĻ•্āϞিāύিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϟিāϏ āĻāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āχāύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻŦা āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻĢিāωāĻļāύেāϰ āϰেāϟ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāϝ় āĻĄāĻ•্āϟāϰāĻ•েāχ। āϝেāĻŽāύ āχāύ্āϏুāϞিāύ āφāχāĻ­ী āχāύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻĄাāϝ়াāĻŦেāϟিāϏ āĻ•িāϟোāĻāϏিāĻĄোāϏিāϏ āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে āĻ•āϤ āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻŦা microdrop āĻĒাāϰ āĻŽিāύিāϟে āϝাāĻŦে āĻŦা āĻĒেāĻĄিāϝ়াāϟ্āϰিāĻ• āχāύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻ•āϤ āĻŽাāχāĻ•্āϰো āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻĒাāϰ āĻŽিāύিāϟে āϝাāĻŦে āĻāϟা āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•াāωāύ্āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ?? āφāĻŽāϰা āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϟ āĻ•āϰি āĻĒাāϰ āĻŽিāύিāϟ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž 1 āĻŽিāύিāϟে āĻ•āϤāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻĒāϰāϞো। āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ āĻ—ুāϞো āφāĻ›ে āϏেāĻ—ুāϞো āφāĻ›ে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ 15 āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻ 1ml āĻšāϝ়।(āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু 20 āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻ āĻāĻ• ml, āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ 15 āĻ•েāχ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύ āĻĻিāϞাāĻŽ)। āϤাāĻšāϞে āφāĻŽাāϰ āϝāĻĻি amount of fluid in mL āĻ•ে 15 āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ•āϰি āϤাāĻšāϞে āϤāϤ āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻšāĻŦে āϏেāϟুāĻ•ুāϤে। 100ml āĻĢ্āϞুāχāĻĄ āϝāĻĻি āĻšāϝ় āϏেāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻšāĻŦে 15 āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϞে 1500 āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ।āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে āĻĒাāϰ āĻŽিāύিāϟে। āϤাāĻšāϞে āϟোāϟাāϞ āϝে āϟাāχāĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāϟাāĻ•ে āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽিāύিāϟে āĻ•āύāĻ­াāϰ্āϟ āĻ•āϰি। āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ• āϘāύ্āϟা āϝāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϏেāϟাāĻ•ে āĻŽিāύিāϟে āĻ•āύāĻ­াāϰ্āϟ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏিāĻ•্āϏāϟি 60 āĻŽিāύিāϟ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ–āύ āϟোāϟাāϞ āĻĄ্āϰāĻĒ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻĢ্āϞুāχāĻĄ āĻ•ে āϝāĻĻ...

āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ, āĻ–āϰāϚ,āϏāĻŽāϝ় , āĻŦিāώāϝ়

 MBBS āĻ…āύেāĻ•েāχ āϜিāϜ্āĻžাāϏা āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āĻ•োāύ āϏাāĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ,āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϜ্āĻž āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ি,āĻ•āϤ āĻĻিāύ āĻĒāĻĄ়া,āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒāĻĄ়া āϞাāĻ—ে āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āϏেāĻ—ুāϞা āύিāϝ়ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞি। āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āĻ āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻšāϝ়? HSC pass āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰ,āϏাāχāύ্āϏ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ , āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŽāϤ āĻĢāϰāĻŽ āĻĒূāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়।āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĻিāύে āϏাāϰাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύে āĻāĻ•āχ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ• āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻŽেāĻĄিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āĻ•āϞেāϜেāϰ āϏিāϰিāϝ়াāϞ āφāϏে।āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϝাāϰ āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āϏে āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϏিāϰিāϝ়াāϞ āĻāϰ āĻŽেāĻĄিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āĻ।āĻāχ āϏিāϰিāϝ়াāϞ āĻ•োāύ āĻŽেāĻĄিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦা āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻ—ুāϞা website e āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āφāĻ›ে। 2 āĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻŽোāϟ।āϝে āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāϏāĻāϏāϏি āĻĒাāϏ āĻ•āϰে āϏেāĻ–াāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ“ āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻŦāĻ›āϰ। āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āĻ•োāϰ্āϏে āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϞাāĻ—ে? 5 āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻ•োāϰ্āϏ, āĻļেāώ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻļেāώ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĢাāχāύাāϞ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়।āϰেāϜাāϞ্āϟ āĻĻিāϤে āφāϰো 3 - 4 āĻŽাāϏ āϞাāĻ—ে। āĻŽোāϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϞাāĻ—ে 5 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ 3 āĻŽাāϏ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ 1 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āχāύ্āϟাāϰ্āύāĻļিāĻĒ। āχāύ্āϟাāϰ্āύāĻļিāĻĒ āĻļেāώ āĻšāϞে BMDC āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϟিāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϰেāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϏāύ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।āϤāĻ–āύ āϏে āϰেāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĄ āĻĄāĻ•্āϟāϰ। āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āϏাāĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻĒāĻĄ়āϤে āĻšāϝ়?  āĻāĻ–াāύে āϝāϤāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻšāϝ় āϏেāĻ—ুāϞা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĢেāĻļāύাāϞ āĻāĻ•্āϏাāĻŽ,āĻĒ্āϰāĻĢ āĻŦা āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻŦāϞ...

Pneumonia microorganisms and management protocol

 Pneumonia 🛌đŸŧ🛌đŸŧ* Severity and prognostic value - CURB-65 score C- confusion (<=8 in AMTS) U- urea( >7mmol/L R- RESPIRATORY RATE{>=30/min) B- BP, SBP<=90, DBP<=60 mmHg 65- years age đŸŽ¯Key point to reach underlying causative oraginsm:: 1️⃣S. Pneumoniae- --pneumonia+ sore around mouth, herpes labialis 2️⃣S. Aureus----- previous flu infection+ pneumonia 3️⃣Klebsiella--- alcoholic+ pneumonia 4️⃣Legionella pneumophilia--- SIADH+ pneumonia+ extra thorasic complain 5️⃣Mycoplasma pneumoniae ----systemic upset+ hemolytic anemia+ cold agglutination+ erythema multiforme+/- hyponatremia 6️⃣Chlamydia psittaci--- bird exposure+pneumonia 7️⃣Coxiella burnetti--- cattle exposure+ pneumonia 8️⃣Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia---- AIDS+ saturation fall on exercise+ lung clear+ x-ray diffuse bilateral infiltration 💉💉Treatment:::: 💊CURB. 0 or 1--- Amoxicillin. 😓Penicillin allergic or atypical organism suspect, then doxycycline/ clarithromycin/erythromycin 💊CURB. 2--- amoxicillin ...

Fluid management in clinical practice part 1

 Fluids used in clinical practice      This part is not so important, some parts are written in Bengali, part 2 and further parts are in English and these are very important Total body fluid is different in different individual according to age,race,sex,weight etc, we assume a 70 kg adult with 60% body fluid, so total body fluid will be 42Litre. Two third of it that is about 28L is intracellular, and rest 14 L extracellular ( 11L interstitial, 3L plasma) Blood volume is about 7%of body weight. In an ideal condition, intra and extra cellular fluid osmolarity must be same, but they are separated by almost impermeable cell membrane,which allow only free exchange of water and virtually no ions. ionic components of interstitial fluid and plasma are almost same. So during calculation of volume change we should consider intra and extra cellular fluid separately. Effect of different osmolarity fluid in different compartment::: If plain fluid with no tonicity is given,it will...

Fluid management in clinical practice part 2

 Fluid in clinical practice Fluid:: part 2     Discussion on physiology and function of body fluid::    Maintenance of body fluid is a neurohormonal regulation.       Hormonal components--- Response to tonicity: ADH, aldosterone.       Response to pressure: ANP,BNP     Function of these hormone,     ADH:: when osmolarity increases, ADH is secreted from posterior pituitary, causing vasoconstriction and free water retention from distal tubule.    Aldosterone:: when osmolarity decreases, secreted from adrenal gland, causes Na retention from collecting tubule.     ANP &BNP :: secreted respectively from atrium and ventricle in response to stress or in other word volume expansion, causing excretion of Na from tubule and decreased absorption of Na, thus reduce blood volume.     Response to fluid loss ::  when blood volume decreases , sympathetic nervous system is activated due to d...

Fluid in clinical practice part 3

 Fluid in clinical practice Fluid :: part 3 IV Fluid is like a drug. It's improper use may even endanger life. So careful choice of fluid is needed in every patient. And choice of fluid is based on Clinical condition. No single fluid can be used in every situation. One can say normal saline is normal, it can be used everywhere. But actually it's a misnomer, there is nothing normal with it. Choice of fluid depends on underlying pathology.  A fluid can be hyper, hypo, isotonic in different situation. Such as 5% DA is isotonic in vitro, but hypotonic in vivo. Normal saline is isotonic ( 286mosm/L) in normal condition, but hypotonic in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state( here blood osmolality >>310mosm/L, that is far more than normal saline tonicity). And every fluid has its own ionic components. So it should be considered about the underlying ionic imbalance when prescribing a fluid. And also a fluid has a specific pH . It must be considered . Such as in a disease there is l...

Fluid management in clinical practice part 4

 Fluid in clinical practice Fluid :: part 4 Please see the diagram for better understanding    đŸ’‰⏩ Starting fluid therapy:: Initial assessment :    Assess whether the patient is hypovolaemic and needs IV fluid resuscitation. Indicators of urgent resuscitation include: ®systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mmHg ®heart rate is more than 90 beats per minute ®capillary refill time is more than 2 seconds or peripheries are cold to touch ®respiratory rate is more than 20 breaths per minute ®National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is 5 or more passive® leg raising test is positive. If patients need IV fluid resuscitation, use crystalloids that contain sodium in the range 130–154 mmol/l, with a bolus of 500 ml over less than 15 minutes. Use human albumin 4-5% only in severe sepsis resuscitation. Initiate treatment :: •Give high-flow oxygen. • Secure large bore IV access. •Identify cause of deficit and respond.• •Give a fluid bolus of 500 ml of crystalloid Reassess the p...

Fluid management in clinical practice part 5

 Fluid in clinical practice Fluid: part 5   A Fluid may be resuscitative fluid, maintenance fluid or both. Resuscitative fluid criteria are described before. Maintenance fluid must have water and electrolytes in a balance, that can replace daily requirements and ongoing loss. During resuscitation, fluids electrolyte components must be kept in mind. As in case of potassium, it is not advised to infuse >>10mmol/hour. Before prescribing fluid for maintenance, please keep in mind the composition and pH of body fluids in different parts of GIT. Have a look at the Diagram below. Fluids containing lactate and citrate are converted by liver to bicarbonate and become more alkaline . So, for replacement of bicarbonate , these fluids can be used.     Replacement and Redistribution ::::        Check for: vomiting and nasogastric tube loss biliary drainage loss high/low volume ileal stoma loss diarrhoea/excess colostomy loss ongoing blood loss, e.g. mele...

Fluid management in clinical practice part 6

 Fluid in clinical practice Fluid Part 6 Special cases:: Acute blood loss:  Resuscitate with colloid or 0.9% saline via large-bore cannulae until blood is available.  Children: Use glucose with sodium chloride for fl uid maintenance: 100mL/kg for the fi rst 10kg, 50mL/kg for the next 10kg, and 20mL/kg thereafter—all per 24h.  Elderly: May be more prone to fl uid overload, so use IV fl uids with care (smaller fluid bolus).  GI losses: (Diarrhoea, vomiting, NG tubes, etc.) Replace lost K+ as well as lost fluid volume.  Heart failure: Use IV fl uids with care to avoid fl uid overload.  Liver failure: Patients often have a raised total body sodium, so use salt-poor albumin or blood for resuscitation, and avoid 0.9% saline for maintenance.  Acute pancreatitis: Aggressive fl uid resuscitation is required due to large amounts of sequestered ‘third-space’ fl uid.       Poor urine output: Aim for >1 mL/kg/h; the minimum is >0. 5mL/kg/h...

Hypertension management in adult part 2

 Hypertension  Part 2 Treatment:: Offer antihypertensive drug treatment in addition to lifestyle advice to adults of any age with persistent stage 2 hypertension. Use clinical judgement for people of any age with frailty or multimorbidity   Discuss starting antihypertensive drug treatment, in addition to lifestyle advice, with adults aged under 80 with persistent stage 1 hypertension who have 1 or more of the following: • target organ damage  • established cardiovascular disease • renal disease  • diabetes •an estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease of 10% or more. Consider antihypertensive drug treatment in addition to lifestyle advice for people aged over 80 with stage 1 hypertension if their clinic blood pressure is over 150/90 mmHg  For adults aged under 40 with hypertension, consider seeking specialist evaluation of secondary causes of hypertension and a more detailed assessment of the long-term balance of treatment benefit and risks Meas...

Hypertension management in adult part 1

 Hypertension:: Part 1::: Instructions before measuring BP:: When measuring blood pressure in the clinic or in the home, standardise the environment and provide a relaxed, temperate setting, with the person quiet and seated, and their arm outstretched and supported. Use an appropriate cuff size for the person's arm. people with symptoms of postural hypotension (falls or postural dizziness): • measure blood pressure with the person either supine or seated • measure blood pressure again with the person standing for at least 1 minute before measurement. Diagnosing hypertension:: When considering a diagnosis of hypertension, measure blood pressure in both arms:   • If the difference in readings between arms is more than 15 mmHg, repeat the measurements.   • If the difference in readings between arms remains more than 15 mmHg on the second measurement, measure subsequent blood pressures in the arm with the higher reading.  If blood pressure measured in the clinic is 140/9...

Hypertension in pregnancy management

 Hypertension in pregnancy Advise pregnant women at high risk of pre-eclampsia to take 75–150 mg of aspirin daily from 12 weeks until the birth of the baby , those with any of the following: •hypertensive disease during a previous pregnancy •chronic kidney disease • autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome • type 1 or type 2 diabetes • chronic hypertension. Advise pregnant women with more than 1 moderate risk factor for preeclampsia to take 75–150 mg of aspirin. Factors indicating moderate risk are: • first pregnancy • age 40 years or older • pregnancy interval of more than 10 years • body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m2• family history of pre-eclampsia •multi -fetal pregnancy Stop antihypertensive treatment in women taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs if they become pregnant (preferably within 2 working days of notification of pregnancy) and offer alternatives.   Advise women who take thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics:• that there may...

MRCP uk part 1 procedure in Bengali

 MRCP UK part 1 *Part 1 āĻĻেāĻŦাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĢাāχāύাāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĢ āĻāĻ•্āϏাāĻŽিāύেāĻļāύ āĻĒাāϏ āϤাāϰিāĻ– āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽিāύিāĻŽাāĻŽ 1 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ—্āϝাāĻĒ āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŽাāύে 2018 āϜāύু⧟াāϰি āϤে āĻĒাāϏ āĻĢাāχāύাāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĢ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻĻিāϝ়েāĻ›ে ,āϏে 2019 āϜāύু⧟াāϰী āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϝেāĻ•োāύ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে। * āĻ…্āϝাāĻĒ্āϞাāχ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻŽāĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ āϏাāϰ্āϟিāĻĢিāĻ•েāϟ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ।āĻāϟাāϰ āĻĢāϟোāĻ•āĻĒি āĻ•āϰে āϏāϤ্āϝাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ় ।āϏāϤ্āϝাāϝ়িāϤ āĻŦ্āϰিāϟিāĻļ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞ āĻŦা āϝেāĻ•োāύ mrcp āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āϧাāϰী āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে,āφāϰো āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āĻĒাāϰে āϤাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϤাāϞিāĻ•া āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻŦāϏিāϟ āĻ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āφāĻ›ে।āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāϟাāϰ āĻĒিāĻĄিāĻāĻĢ āĻĢাāχāϞ āĻ•āϰে email āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়।āφāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāĻ—āϜ āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ āύাāχ। * āĻŦāĻ›āϰে 3 āĻŦাāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āϟ 1 āĻšāϝ়। āϜাāύু⧟াāϰী, āĻŽে, āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻŽাāϏে। *āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা 2 āϟা āĻĒেāĻĒাāϰে, āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ•āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻĨাāĻ•ে,āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟাāϰ 100 āϟা āĻ•āϰে āĻŽোāϟ 200 āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ। āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻĒেāĻĒাāϰ 3 āϘāύ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে, āĻĻুāχ āĻĒেāĻĒাāϰ āĻāϰ āĻŽাāĻে 1 āĻĨেāĻ•ে 1.5 āϘāύ্āϟা āĻŦিāϰāϤি। āĻāĻ•্āϏাāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāύ āĻšāϝ়,āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻĸাāĻ•াāϝ় āφāĻ›ে।āĻāĻ•্āϏাāĻŽ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰ 1 āϟা āĻŦা 2 āϟাāϝ় āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ়। * āĻāĻ•্āϏাāĻŽ āĻāϰ āĻĻিāύ āφāχāĻĄেāύ্āϟিāϟি āĻ•াāϰ্āĻĄ āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ়,āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĒাāϏāĻĒোāϰ্āϟ āĻŦা āĻāύāφāχāĻĄি āĻ•াāϰ্āĻĄ āĻŦা āĻĄ্āϰাāχāĻ­িং āϞাāχāϏেāύ্āϏ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।āφāϰো āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•িāĻ›ু āφāχāĻĄি āĻ•াāϰ্āĻĄ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻŦে । āĻ“āϝ়েāĻŦāϏাāχāϟ āĻ āϞিāϏ্āϟ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āφāĻ›...

Oxygen therapy in Bengali

Blood transfusion clinical in Bengali

 đŸš°đŸš°āĻŦ্āϞাāĻĄ āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ Blood transfusion  āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϟāĻĒিāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āϜীāĻŦāύে āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰী। āĻĻৈāύিāĻ• āϰোāĻ—ী āĻĻেāĻ–াāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϝে āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻ—ুāϞো āĻ–েāϝ়াāϞ āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāϝ় āφāϜ āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়েāχ āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰি ❎1️⃣ āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻ•্āϝাāύুāϞা āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।đŸĨĩđŸĨĩ ❎2️⃣ āĻĢ্āϰিāϜ āĻāϰ āĻ াāύ্āĻĄা āϰāĻ•্āϤ āĻ—āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।đŸĨļđŸĨļ ❎3️⃣ āϰāĻ•্āϤেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ— āĻুāϞিāϝ়ে āϰেāĻ–ে āĻĒ্āϞাāϜāĻŽা āφāϰ āϞাāϞ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻĒ্āϝাāĻ•āĻĄ āϰেāĻĄ āϏেāϞ āĻšāĻŦে।đŸĨ´đŸĨ´ ❎4️⃣ āύāϰāĻŽাāϞ āĻĢ্āϰিāϜ āĻ āϰāĻ•্āϤ āϰাāĻ–া āϝাāĻŦে ।đŸ¤ŖđŸ¤Ŗ ❎5️⃣ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰāχ āϟেāύে āύে⧟া āϰāĻ•্āϤ āĻĢ্āϰেāĻļ āĻŦ্āϞাāĻĄ।🤧🤧 ❎6️⃣āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĢ্āϝাāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϞেāϟāϞেāϟ āĻĄেāĻĢিāϏিāϝ়েāύ্āϏি āϤে āĻšোāϞ āĻŦ্āϞাāĻĄ āĻĻিāϞে āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒূāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻŦে।🙄 āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦāϤে āĻ­াāĻŦāϤে āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāύ āύিāϚেāϰ āϞিāĻ–া🙂 ➡️John, a 35-year-old gentleman on the gastrointestinal ward has been suffering from melaena for a week. His haemoglobin level today is 60g/L and the consultant has requested that you transfuse John a unit of packed red blood cells. Within minutes of starting the transfusion, John complains of itching and stinging sensations on his trunk. On examination, you obser...

Antiemetic choice in Bengali

 āĻāύ্āϟি āĻāĻŽেāϟিāĻ•āϏ (Antiemetics) āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻŦāĻŽিāϰ āĻ“āώুāϧ:đŸ¤ĸđŸ¤ĸ🤮🤮 āĻŦāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻŦāĻŽি āĻŦāĻŽি āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻ­āĻŽিāϟিং āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻĒাāϝ় āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦāĻšিঃāĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ। āĻ­োāĻŽিāϟিং āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻĒাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—াāϝ় āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ mediator āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ•োāύ āĻāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ“āώুāϧ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻ•ে āχāύāĻšিāĻŦিāϟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে । āϤাāχ āĻ•োāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ“āώুāϧ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ় āύা। āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰি--  vomiting āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•োāύ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻĒাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ mediator āĻ•ি?? a. Area postrema 🧠🧠 (chemoreceptor trigger zone, CTZ)( mediated by dopamine)  b. Vestibular apparatus đŸĻģ👂 vestibular system–induced nausea is mediated primarily by histamine and acetylcholine   c. Peripheral afferents from the pharynxđŸĻ’, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and genitals ( mediated by dopamine and serotonin)  d. Higher cortical centers  āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻŽāύ āĻ•āύ্āĻĄিāĻļāύ āĻ“ āĻāύ্āϟি āĻāĻŽেāϟিāĻ• āϚ⧟েāϏ: ➡️➡️Migraine headache:: Dopamine is probably a primary mediator For headache and nausea: metoclopramide or prochlorperazine For nausea: oral an...

Injection technique in Bengali

 Injection technique and sites āĻĄāĻ•্āϟāϰāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ•োāύ āχāύāϜেāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻĒুāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ় āύা।āϤāĻŦে āχāύ্āϟাāϰ্āύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻŦা āύিāϜেāϰ āφāϤ্āĻŽীāϝ় āϏ্āĻŦāϜāύāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻšāϤেāχ āĻĒাāϰে। āϤাāχ āϏংāĻ•্āώেāĻĒে āĻāϟা āύিāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। ⚗️⚗️Preparation of injection site:: 70% Alcohol pad āĻĻিāϝ়ে āχāύāϜেāĻ•āĻļāύ āϏাāχāϟ āĻāϰ āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে rubbing āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে, circular motion āĻ āĻāϟা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে,inner to outer site , āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ dry āĻšāϞে āχāύāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĨা āĻŦিāĻšীāύ āχāύāϜেāĻ•āĻļāύ āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ: Stretch skin firmly, Pierce the epidermis quickly 💉💉IM injection::: Angle : 90° Site:     1️⃣,,,Deltoid: 1"-2" (1-3 fingerbreath)below the acromion process      Amount 1mL   2️⃣,, Ventrogluteal site: Make a V by keeping palm on greater trochanter and middle finger toward iliac crest with index finger toward anterior superior iliac spine   Amount 3 mL   3️⃣ Vastus lateralis site: lateral middle 3Rd of thigh, pull the muscle before inject  Amount 5 mL āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϚে āύাāĻŽāϞে āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ āĻ•āϤ mL inject āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি āϏেāϟা 1,3,5 āϰ...

NG tube feeding in Bengali

 NG tube feeding āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āϜীāĻŦāύে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻŦিāώāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āϰোāĻ—ীāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ NG feeding suggest āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āϜীāĻŦāύে āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύিāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। ❓NG feeding āĻ•ি? ➡️āĻāϟা āĻāĻ•āϧāϰāύেāϰ enteral feeding, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻāĻ–াāύে āύিāωāϟ্āϰিāĻļāύ āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ GIT system use āĻ•āϰি। ❓āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āϧāϰāύেāϰ enteral feeding āφāĻ›ে? ➡️Enteral feeding Types: 🐎Short term: <<4 weeks 1. Nasogastric feeding 2 orogastric feeding 3 Naso jejunal feeding đŸĻ’Long term: 1. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 2. Surgically placed gastrostomy etc ❓āĻ•োāύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϰোāĻ—ীāĻ•ে āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ feeding āĻ•āϰাāύো āĻšāϝ়? 1️⃣Swallowing disorders (i.e. motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis) 2️⃣ Stroke or head injury 3️⃣Head and neck cancer (e.g. due to side effects of chemo/radiotherapy) 4️⃣ GI dysfunction or malabsorption  Upper GI obstructions 5️⃣Cystic fibrosis 6️⃣ Psychiatric disease e.g. anorexia nervosa, severe depression đŸšŧFeeding āĻāϰ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āφāĻ›ে? 🔹Infusion, 🔹continuous, 🔹intermittent, 🔹bolus feeding āφāĻŽāϰা ward āĻ āϝেāϟা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϟিāϏ āĻ•āϰি āϏেāϟা bolus fee...